Oxygen
- oxy-acetylene welding
- frequently used to aid
respiration of patients in hospitals
- used in making methanol and
ethene oxide
- rocket fuel oxidant
- steel manufacture
- ozone (O3) in the
atmosphere is protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays
- breathing
Sulfur
Most of the sulphur
produced is used to produce sulphuric acid, H2SO4, the
most important manufactured chemical in the world. Sulphuric acid has many uses,
including for the synthesis of fertilisers and polyamides. It is used in
batteries ("battery acid").
Sulphur is a component of black
gunpowder (a mixture of potassium nitrate, KNO3, carbon, and
sulhur). It is used in the vulcanisation of natural rubber, as a fungicide, and
as a fumigant.
Sulphur compounds are used in the
bleaching of dried fruits and for paper products.
Selenium
- Selenium exhibits both
photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity,
and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with
increased illumination. These properties make selenium useful in the
production of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as well
as solar cells.
- Selenium is also able to convert
a.c. electricity to d.c., and is extensively used in rectifiers
- the solid is a p-type
semiconductor and is useful in electronic and solid-state applications
- used in photocopying for
reproducing and copying documents, letters, etc.
- used by the glass industry to
decolourise glass and to make ruby coloured glasses and enamels
- photographic toner
- additive for stainless steel
Tellurium
- semiconductors
- alloying with cast iron, copper
and stainless steel
- addition to lead to prevent
corrosion
- ceramics
- tinting glass
Polonium
- mixed or alloyed with beryllium
to provide a source of neutrons
- used for eliminating static
charges in textile mills (β-sources are more common and less dangerous)
- used on brushes for removing
dust from photographic films
- thermoelectric power in space
satellites
- source of neutrons
Ununhexium
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