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Sunday, April 1, 2012

GOLONGAN 16


Oxygen
  • oxy-acetylene welding
  • frequently used to aid respiration of patients in hospitals
  • used in making methanol and ethene oxide
  • rocket fuel oxidant
  • steel manufacture
  • ozone (O3) in the atmosphere is protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays
  • breathing
 
Sulfur
Most of the sulphur produced is used to produce sulphuric acid, H2SO4, the most important manufactured chemical in the world. Sulphuric acid has many uses, including for the synthesis of fertilisers and polyamides. It is used in batteries ("battery acid").
Sulphur is a component of black gunpowder (a mixture of potassium nitrate, KNO3, carbon, and sulhur). It is used in the vulcanisation of natural rubber, as a fungicide, and as a fumigant.
Sulphur compounds are used in the bleaching of dried fruits and for paper products.
 
Selenium
  • Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. These properties make selenium useful in the production of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as well as solar cells.
  • Selenium is also able to convert a.c. electricity to d.c., and is extensively used in rectifiers
  • the solid is a p-type semiconductor and is useful in electronic and solid-state applications
  • used in photocopying for reproducing and copying documents, letters, etc.
  • used by the glass industry to decolourise glass and to make ruby coloured glasses and enamels
  • photographic toner
  • additive for stainless steel
 
Tellurium
  • semiconductors
  • alloying with cast iron, copper and stainless steel
  • addition to lead to prevent corrosion
  • ceramics
  • tinting glass
 
Polonium
  • mixed or alloyed with beryllium to provide a source of neutrons
  • used for eliminating static charges in textile mills (β-sources are more common and less dangerous)
  • used on brushes for removing dust from photographic films
  • thermoelectric power in space satellites
  • source of neutrons

Ununhexium
 



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