GOLONGAN 15

By: Kimia SMK Asyik on Sunday, April 01, 2012

Nitrogen

• used in ammonia, NH₃, production (Haber process). This is the greatest use of nitrogen. Ammonia is used for fertilizer production and to produce nitric acid (Ostwald process)
• used by the electronics industry, which uses the gas as a blanketing medium during production of such components as transistors, diodes, etc.
• used in annealing stainless steel and other steel mill products
• used as a refrigerant both for the immersion freezing of food products and for transportation of foods
• liquid nitrogen is used by the oil industry to build up pressure in wells to force crude oil upward
• used as an intert atmosphere in tanks of explosive liquid storage tanks, both in ground-based tanks and in ships

Phosphorus

• used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics, incendiary shells, smoke bombs, tracer bullets, etc.
• fertilisers
• phosphates are used in the production of special glasses, such as those used for sodium lamps
• bone-ash, calcium phosphate, is used to produce fine chinaware and to produce monocalcium phosphate used in baking powder
• important in the production of steels, phosphor bronze, and many other products
• Na₃PO₄ is important as a cleaning agent, as a water softener, and for preventing boiler scale and corrosion of pipes and boiler tubes
• pesticides

Arsenic

• bronzing
• pyrotechnics
• hardening and improving the sphericity of shot
• doping agent in solid-state devices such as transistors
• the arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light

Antimony

• used in semiconductor technology for making infrared detectors, diodes, and Hall-effect devices
• used in alloys with percentages ranging from 1 to 20 - greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead
• batteries, antifriction alloys, type metal, small arms and tracer bullets, cable sheathing, and minor products use about half the metal produced
• oxides, sulphides, sodium antimonate, and antimony trichloride are used in manufacturing flame-proofing compounds, paints, ceramic enamels, glass, and pottery.
• tartar emetic (hydrated potassium antimonyltartate) is used in medicine

Bismuth

• used in producing malleable irons
• as a catalyst for making acrylic fibres
• the metal is used as a thermocouple material (has highest negativy known)
• carrier for uranium fuel in nuclear reactors
• fire detection, extinguishing systems
• cosmetics
• medicine

Ununpentium